Independent Resources

Usage of substitute fuels in cement kilns

• "Guidelines for co-processing of alternative fuels and raw materials and treatment of organic hazardous wastes in cement kilns in China" (4.4MB)
  SINTEF - Sino-Norwegian Project 2006-2009
• Co-firing of Secondary Fuels in Cement Kilns (17 kb)
  ITAS (1999 – 2001)
• Co-utilisation of Coal and other fuels in Cement Kilns (137 kb)
  IEA Clean Coal Centre (2003)
• Proposals to Revise the Substitute Fuels Protocol for use on Cement and Lime Kilns (66 kb)
  Consultation Paper, Environment Agency (UK) (2004)
  
• Guidance on the Use of Substitute Fuels in Cement and Lime Kilns (558 kb)
  Environment Agency (UK) (2000)

Harzadous Waste Management

• Hazardous Waste – A Growing Challenge (1.6 MB)
  Environment Agency (UK) (2004)
  
• Hazardous Waste Market Pressures and Opportunities: Background Paper (980 kb)
  Environment Agency (UK) (2003)
  
• Intepretation of the Definition and Classification of Hazardous Waste Technical Guidance WM2 (1.7 MB)
  Environment Agency (UK) (2003)
• General Policy on Waste: Waste in the Netherlands (73 kb)
  Factsheet, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands (2001)
  
• Waste Policy (93 kb)
  Ministry of the Environment, Norway (2000)
  
• Hazardous Waste (27 kb)
  State of the Environment Norway (2003)

Waste Tyres Management

• Seeking Solutions for Waste Tyres: Informing the Environment Agency's Waste Tyres Program, The Environment Council (UK)
  The Definition Of Waste As Applied to Tyres, Report 1: The Current Legal Status (345 kb)
  Setting Up An Effective, Collaborative Enforcement Campaign – Waste Tyres (942 kb)
  Tyre Stockpile Paper (733 kb)
• Car Tyres: Waste in the Netherlands (53 kb)
  Factsheet, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands (2001)
  

European Commission Directives/ Guidelines

• Refuse Derived Fuel, Current Practice and Perspectives (891 kb)
  Final Report, EC Directorate General Environment (July 2003)
• Directive 2000/76/EC on Incineration of Waste
  Online Summary, European Commission (4 December 2000)
  
• Directive 2000/76/EC on Incineration of Waste (317 kb)
  Full Document, European Commission (4 December 2000)
  

Miscellaneous

• Cement and Concrete: Environmental Considerations (79 kb)
  Article, BuildingGreen (1993)
• Concern over Plans to allow Cement Kilns to Increase Burning of Hazardous Waste (58 kb)
  Press Release, Friends of the Earth (18 June 2004)
  
• Philippine Firm Turning Industrial Wastes Into Cement (17 kb)
  Article, AsiaPulse via COMTEX (4 February 2004)
• Memorandum by Dupont (UK) Limited (DSW 04) (17 kb)
  Memorandum, Dupont (UK) Limited (2000)

Industry-related Resources

• Hazardous Waste Fuels and the Cement Kilns: The Incineration Alternative (317 kb)
  GCI Solutions (1990)
• Environmental Benefits of using Alternative Fuels in Cement Production: A Life-Cycle Approach (1.4 MB)
  CEMBUREAU (1999)
• Cement and the Environment: Alternative Fuels (52 kb)
  Castle Cement (2004)
• Cement formulation change to lower emissions (46 kb)
  Concrete Monthly (January 2004)
• SCAQMD Expects Tires to Reduce NOx Emissions (87 kb)
  California Portland Cement Company (2000)
  
• Environmental Compatability of Cement and Concrete – Manufacture, Application and Use of Alternative Materials (946 kb)
  Verein Deutscher Zementwerke (VDZ)
• Cement Manufacturing using Alternative Fuels and the Advantages of Process Modelling (68 kb)
  Paper by Kaantee et al., presented at R'2002 Geneva, Switzerland (12-15 Feb 2002)

Interesting Links

• Waste Studies
  Various documents regarding waste management, European Commission
  
• ERAtech
  Various ERAtech links regarding Substitute Fuels in Cement, ERAtech

Use of Alternative Fuels

• http://www.iea.org/textbase/work/2006/cement/Lorea_4.pdf
• http://www.cement.org/manufacture/man_fuels.asp
• http://ies.lbl.gov/iespubs/LBNL-525E.pdf
• http://coprocem.ecs.ch/documents/utilization-of-alternative-fuels-in-the-european-cement.pdf
• http://www.coprocessing.info/en/index.htm